Bathonian Viviparus-like Gastropods

The formation of urine by the prosobranch gastropod mollusc Viviparus viviparus Linn.

In all aquatic molluscs examined (Anodonta—Picken, 1937; Haliotis—Harrison, 1962; Octopus—Potts & Martin, 1963), blood is filtered through the wall of the heart (or branchial heart appendages in Octopus) into the pericardium. The pericardial fluid passes to the kidney, where secretion and reabsorption modify it to form the final urine. In the terrestrial pulmonates, however (Achatina—Martin, Ha...

Microstructures in shells of the freshwater gastropod Viviparus viviparus: a potential sensor for temperature change?

Mollusk shells contain a plethora of information on past climate variability. However, only a limited toolkit is currently available to reconstruct such data from the shells. The environmental data of some proxies (e.g. Sr/Ca ratios) is obscured by physiological effects, whereas other proxies, such as δ(18)O, simultaneously provide information on two or more different environmental variables. T...

Hybodont Sharks of the English Bathonian and Callovian (middle Jurassic)

Recent bulk sampling and study of museum collections has revealed a high diversity of hybodont sharks from the English Bathonian, with 15 species being recognised. In addition, study of dental and skeletal material from the English Callovian has allowed the diagnosis of a new genus and species, Planohybodus peterboroughensis gen. et sp. nov., allowing the Bathonian species Hybodus grossiconus A...

The Crystalline Style in Gastropods

Immune Cell Responses to the Cattle Lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus

The cattle lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, is a parasitic nematode, which can cause severe pulmonary disease. Repeated natural infections result in protective immunity, and a live attenuated vaccine exists. However, live vaccines have several disadvantages, and alternative control methods are needed. Awareness of increasing anthelmintic resistance makes parasite control with reduced reliance ...